CODE_D% = P% LOAD_D% = LOAD% + P% - CODE%ELITE D FILE.TT20 JSR P%+3 \ This line calls the line below as a subroutine, which \ does two twists before returning here, and then we \ fall through to the line below for another two \ twists, so the net effect of these two consecutive \ JSR calls is four twists, not counting the ones \ inside your head as you try to follow this process JSR P%+3 \ This line calls TT54 as a subroutine to do a twist, \ and then falls through into TT54 to do another twist \ before returning from the subroutineName: TT20 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Twist the selected system's seeds four times Deep dive: Twisting the system seeds Galaxy and system seedsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * HME2 calls TT20 * TT111 calls TT20 * TT22 calls TT20 * TT23 calls TT20
Twist the three 16-bit seeds in QQ15 (selected system) four times, to generate the next system..TT54 LDA QQ15 \ X = tmp_lo = s0_lo + s1_lo CLC ADC QQ15+2 TAX LDA QQ15+1 \ Y = tmp_hi = s1_hi + s1_hi + C ADC QQ15+3 TAY LDA QQ15+2 \ s0_lo = s1_lo STA QQ15 LDA QQ15+3 \ s0_hi = s1_hi STA QQ15+1 LDA QQ15+5 \ s1_hi = s2_hi STA QQ15+3 LDA QQ15+4 \ s1_lo = s2_lo STA QQ15+2 CLC \ s2_lo = X + s1_lo TXA ADC QQ15+2 STA QQ15+4 TYA \ s2_hi = Y + s1_hi + C ADC QQ15+3 STA QQ15+5 RTS \ The twist is complete so return from the subroutineName: TT54 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Twist the selected system's seeds Deep dive: Twisting the system seeds Galaxy and system seedsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * cpl calls TT54
This routine twists the three 16-bit seeds in QQ15 once. If we start with seeds s0, s1 and s2 and we want to work out their new values after we perform a twist (let's call the new values s0´, s1´ and s2´), then: s0´ = s1 s1´ = s2 s2´ = s0 + s1 + s2 So given an existing set of seeds in s0, s1 and s2, we can get the new values s0´, s1´ and s2´ simply by doing the above sums. And if we want to do the above in-place without creating three new s´ variables, then we can do the following: tmp = s0 + s1 s0 = s1 s1 = s2 s2 = tmp + s1 So this is what we do in this routine, where each seed is a 16-bit number..TT146 LDA QQ8 \ Take the two bytes of the 16-bit value in QQ8 and ORA QQ8+1 \ OR them together to check whether there are any BNE TT63 \ non-zero bits, and if so, jump to TT63 to print the \ distance INC YC \ The distance is zero, so we just move the text cursor RTS \ in YC down by one line and return from the subroutine .TT63 LDA #191 \ Print recursive token 31 ("DISTANCE") followed by JSR TT68 \ a colon LDX QQ8 \ Load (Y X) from QQ8, which contains the 16-bit LDY QQ8+1 \ distance we want to show SEC \ Set the C flag so that the call to pr5 will include a \ decimal point, and display the value as (Y X) / 10 JSR pr5 \ Print (Y X) to 5 digits, including a decimal point LDA #195 \ Set A to the recursive token 35 (" LIGHT YEARS") and \ fall through into TT60 to print the token followed \ by a paragraph breakName: TT146 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Print the distance to the selected system in light yearsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT102 calls TT146 * TT25 calls TT146
If it is non-zero, print the distance to the selected system in light years. If it is zero, just move the text cursor down a line. Specifically, if the distance in QQ8 is non-zero, print token 31 ("DISTANCE"), then a colon, then the distance to one decimal place, then token 35 ("LIGHT YEARS"). If the distance is zero, move the cursor down one line..TT60 JSR TT27 \ Print the text token in A and fall through into TTX69 \ to print the paragraph breakName: TT60 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Print a text token and a paragraph breakContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT25 calls TT60
Print a text token (i.e. a character, control code, two-letter token or recursive token). Then print a paragraph break (a blank line between paragraphs) by moving the cursor down a line, setting Sentence Case, and then printing a newline.
Arguments: A The text token to be printed.TTX69 INC YC \ Move the text cursor down a line \ Fall through into TT67 to print a newlineName: TTX69 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Print a paragraph breakContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT25 calls TTX69
Print a paragraph break (a blank line between paragraphs) by moving the cursor down a line, and then printing a newline..TT67 LDA #12 \ Load a newline character into A JMP TT27 \ Print the text token in A and return from the \ subroutine using a tail call.TT70 LDA #173 \ Print recursive token 13 ("MAINLY ") JSR TT27 JMP TT72 \ Jump to TT72 to continue printing system data as part \ of routine TT25Name: TT70 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Display "MAINLY " and jump to TT72Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT25 calls TT70
This subroutine is called by TT25 when displaying a system's economy..spc JSR TT27 \ Print the text token in A JMP TT162 \ Print a space and return from the subroutine using a \ tail callName: spc [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Print a text token followed by a spaceContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT25 calls spc
Print a text token (i.e. a character, control code, two-letter token or recursive token) followed by a space.
Arguments: A The text token to be printed.TT25 LDA #1 \ Clear the top part of the screen, draw a white border, JSR TT66 \ and set the current view type in QQ11 to 1 LDA #9 \ Move the text cursor to column 9 STA XC LDA #163 \ Print recursive token 3 ("DATA ON {selected system JSR NLIN3 \ name}" and draw a horizontal line at pixel row 19 \ to box in the title JSR TTX69 \ Print a paragraph break and set Sentence Case JSR TT146 \ If the distance to this system is non-zero, print \ "DISTANCE", then the distance, "LIGHT YEARS" and a \ paragraph break, otherwise just move the cursor down \ a line LDA #194 \ Print recursive token 34 ("ECONOMY") followed by JSR TT68 \ a colon LDA QQ3 \ The system economy is determined by the value in QQ3, \ so fetch it into A. First we work out the system's \ prosperity as follows: \ \ QQ3 = 0 or 5 = %000 or %101 = Rich \ QQ3 = 1 or 6 = %001 or %110 = Average \ QQ3 = 2 or 7 = %010 or %111 = Poor \ QQ3 = 3 or 4 = %011 or %100 = Mainly CLC \ If (QQ3 + 1) >> 1 = %10, i.e. if QQ3 = %011 or %100 ADC #1 \ (3 or 4), then call TT70, which prints "MAINLY " and LSR A \ jumps down to TT72 to print the type of economy CMP #%00000010 BEQ TT70 LDA QQ3 \ If (QQ3 + 1) >> 1 < %10, i.e. if QQ3 = %000, %001 or BCC TT71 \ %010 (0, 1 or 2), then jump to TT71 with A set to the \ original value of QQ3 SBC #5 \ Here QQ3 = %101, %110 or %111 (5, 6 or 7), so subtract CLC \ 5 to bring it down to 0, 1 or 2 (the C flag is already \ set so the SBC will be correct) .TT71 ADC #170 \ A is now 0, 1 or 2, so print recursive token 10 + A. JSR TT27 \ This means that: \ \ QQ3 = 0 or 5 prints token 10 ("RICH ") \ QQ3 = 1 or 6 prints token 11 ("AVERAGE ") \ QQ3 = 2 or 7 prints token 12 ("POOR ") .TT72 LDA QQ3 \ Now to work out the type of economy, which is LSR A \ determined by bit 2 of QQ3, as follows: LSR A \ \ QQ3 bit 2 = 0 = Industrial \ QQ3 bit 2 = 1 = Agricultural \ \ So we fetch QQ3 into A and set A = bit 2 of QQ3 using \ two right shifts (which will work as QQ3 is only a \ 3-bit number) CLC \ Print recursive token 8 + A, followed by a paragraph ADC #168 \ break and Sentence Case, so: JSR TT60 \ \ QQ3 bit 2 = 0 prints token 8 ("INDUSTRIAL") \ QQ3 bit 2 = 1 prints token 9 ("AGRICULTURAL") LDA #162 \ Print recursive token 2 ("GOVERNMENT") followed by JSR TT68 \ a colon LDA QQ4 \ The system's government is determined by the value in \ QQ4, so fetch it into A CLC \ Print recursive token 17 + A, followed by a paragraph ADC #177 \ break and Sentence Case, so: JSR TT60 \ \ QQ4 = 0 prints token 17 ("ANARCHY") \ QQ4 = 1 prints token 18 ("FEUDAL") \ QQ4 = 2 prints token 19 ("MULTI-GOVERNMENT") \ QQ4 = 3 prints token 20 ("DICTATORSHIP") \ QQ4 = 4 prints token 21 ("COMMUNIST") \ QQ4 = 5 prints token 22 ("CONFEDERACY") \ QQ4 = 6 prints token 23 ("DEMOCRACY") \ QQ4 = 7 prints token 24 ("CORPORATE STATE") LDA #196 \ Print recursive token 36 ("TECH.LEVEL") followed by a JSR TT68 \ colon LDX QQ5 \ Fetch the tech level from QQ5 and increment it, as it INX \ is stored in the range 0-14 but the displayed range \ should be 1-15 CLC \ Call pr2 to print the technology level as a 3-digit JSR pr2 \ number without a decimal point (by clearing the C \ flag) JSR TTX69 \ Print a paragraph break and set Sentence Case LDA #192 \ Print recursive token 32 ("POPULATION") followed by a JSR TT68 \ colon SEC \ Call pr2 to print the population as a 3-digit number LDX QQ6 \ with a decimal point (by setting the C flag), so the JSR pr2 \ number printed will be population / 10 LDA #198 \ Print recursive token 38 (" BILLION"), followed by a JSR TT60 \ paragraph break and Sentence Case LDA #'(' \ Print an opening bracket JSR TT27 LDA QQ15+4 \ Now to calculate the species, so first check bit 7 of BMI TT75 \ s2_lo, and if it is set, jump to TT75 as this is an \ alien species LDA #188 \ Bit 7 of s2_lo is clear, so print recursive token 28 JSR TT27 \ ("HUMAN COLONIAL") JMP TT76 \ Jump to TT76 to print "S)" and a paragraph break, so \ the whole species string is "(HUMAN COLONIALS)" .TT75 LDA QQ15+5 \ This is an alien species, and we start with the first LSR A \ adjective, so fetch bits 2-7 of s2_hi into A and push LSR A \ onto the stack so we can use this later PHA AND #%00000111 \ Set A = bits 0-2 of A (so that's bits 2-4 of s2_hi) CMP #3 \ If A >= 3, jump to TT205 to skip the first adjective, BCS TT205 ADC #227 \ Otherwise A = 0, 1 or 2, so print recursive token JSR spc \ 67 + A, followed by a space, so: \ \ A = 0 prints token 67 ("LARGE") and a space \ A = 1 prints token 68 ("FIERCE") and a space \ A = 2 prints token 69 ("SMALL") and a space .TT205 PLA \ Now for the second adjective, so restore A to bits LSR A \ 2-7 of s2_hi, and throw away bits 2-4 to leave LSR A \ A = bits 5-7 of s2_hi LSR A CMP #6 \ If A >= 6, jump to TT206 to skip the second adjective BCS TT206 ADC #230 \ Otherwise A = 0 to 5, so print recursive token JSR spc \ 70 + A, followed by a space, so: \ \ A = 0 prints token 70 ("GREEN") and a space \ A = 1 prints token 71 ("RED") and a space \ A = 2 prints token 72 ("YELLOW") and a space \ A = 3 prints token 73 ("BLUE") and a space \ A = 4 prints token 74 ("BLACK") and a space \ A = 5 prints token 75 ("HARMLESS") and a space .TT206 LDA QQ15+3 \ Now for the third adjective, so EOR the high bytes of EOR QQ15+1 \ s0 and s1 and extract bits 0-2 of the result: AND #%00000111 \ STA QQ19 \ A = (s0_hi EOR s1_hi) AND %111 \ \ storing the result in QQ19 so we can use it later CMP #6 \ If A >= 6, jump to TT207 to skip the third adjective BCS TT207 ADC #236 \ Otherwise A = 0 to 5, so print recursive token JSR spc \ 76 + A, followed by a space, so: \ \ A = 0 prints token 76 ("SLIMY") and a space \ A = 1 prints token 77 ("BUG-EYED") and a space \ A = 2 prints token 78 ("HORNED") and a space \ A = 3 prints token 79 ("BONY") and a space \ A = 4 prints token 80 ("FAT") and a space \ A = 5 prints token 81 ("FURRY") and a space .TT207 LDA QQ15+5 \ Now for the actual species, so take bits 0-1 of AND #%00000011 \ s2_hi, add this to the value of A that we used for CLC \ the third adjective, and take bits 0-2 of the result ADC QQ19 AND #%00000111 ADC #242 \ A = 0 to 7, so print recursive token 82 + A, so: JSR TT27 \ \ A = 0 prints token 82 ("RODENT") \ A = 1 prints token 83 ("FROG") \ A = 2 prints token 84 ("LIZARD") \ A = 3 prints token 85 ("LOBSTER") \ A = 4 prints token 86 ("BIRD") \ A = 5 prints token 87 ("HUMANOID") \ A = 6 prints token 88 ("FELINE") \ A = 7 prints token 89 ("INSECT") .TT76 LDA #'S' \ Print an "S" to pluralise the species JSR TT27 LDA #')' \ And finally, print a closing bracket, followed by a JSR TT60 \ paragraph break and Sentence Case, to end the species \ section LDA #193 \ Print recursive token 33 ("GROSS PRODUCTIVITY"), JSR TT68 \ followed by a colon LDX QQ7 \ Fetch the 16-bit productivity value from QQ7 into LDY QQ7+1 \ (Y X) JSR pr6 \ Print (Y X) to 5 digits with no decimal point JSR TT162 \ Print a space LDA #0 \ Set QQ17 = 0 to switch to ALL CAPS STA QQ17 LDA #'M' \ Print "M" JSR TT27 LDA #226 \ Print recursive token 66 (" CR"), followed by a JSR TT60 \ paragraph break and Sentence Case LDA #250 \ Print recursive token 90 ("AVERAGE RADIUS"), followed JSR TT68 \ by a colon \ The average radius is calculated like this: \ \ ((s2_hi AND %1111) + 11) * 256 + s1_hi \ \ or, in terms of memory locations: \ \ ((QQ15+5 AND %1111) + 11) * 256 + QQ15+3 \ \ Because the multiplication is by 256, this is the \ same as saying a 16-bit number, with high byte: \ \ (QQ15+5 AND %1111) + 11 \ \ and low byte: \ \ QQ15+3 \ \ so we can set this up in (Y X) and call the pr5 \ routine to print it out LDA QQ15+5 \ Set A = QQ15+5 LDX QQ15+3 \ Set X = QQ15+3 AND #%00001111 \ Set Y = (A AND %1111) + 11 CLC ADC #11 TAY JSR pr5 \ Print (Y X) to 5 digits, not including a decimal \ point, as the C flag will be clear (as the maximum \ radius will always fit into 16 bits) JSR TT162 \ Print a space LDA #'k' \ Print "km" JSR TT26 LDA #'m' JSR TT26 JSR TTX69 \ Print a paragraph break and set Sentence Case \ By this point, ZZ contains the current system number \ which PDESC requires. It gets put there in the TT102 \ routine, which calls TT111 to populate ZZ before \ calling TT25 (this routine) \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \ JMP PDESC \ Jump to PDESC to print the system's extended \ \ description, returning from the subroutine using a \ \ tail call \ \ \ The following code doesn't appear to be called from \ \ anywhere, so it's presumably a remnant of code from \ \ an earlier version of the extended description code \ \ LDX ZZ \ Fetch the system number from ZZ into X \ \ RTS \ Return from the subroutine \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> JMP PD1 \ Jump to PD1 to print the standard "goat soup" system \ description without checking for overrides, returning \ from the subroutine using a tail call \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------>Name: TT25 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Show the Data on System screen (red key f6) or Encyclopedia screen (CTRL-f6) Deep dive: Generating system data Galaxy and system seedsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT102 calls TT25 * TT70 calls via TT72
Other entry points: TT72 Used by TT70 to re-enter the routine after displaying "MAINLY" for the economy type.TT24 LDA QQ15+1 \ Fetch s0_hi and extract bits 0-2 to determine the AND #%00000111 \ system's economy, and store in QQ3 STA QQ3 LDA QQ15+2 \ Fetch s1_lo and extract bits 3-5 to determine the LSR A \ system's government, and store in QQ4 LSR A LSR A AND #%00000111 STA QQ4 LSR A \ If government isn't anarchy or feudal, skip to TT77, BNE TT77 \ as we need to fix the economy of anarchy and feudal \ systems so they can't be rich LDA QQ3 \ Set bit 1 of the economy in QQ3 to fix the economy ORA #%00000010 \ for anarchy and feudal governments STA QQ3 .TT77 LDA QQ3 \ Now to work out the tech level, which we do like this: EOR #%00000111 \ CLC \ flipped_economy + (s1_hi AND %11) + (government / 2) STA QQ5 \ \ or, in terms of memory locations: \ \ QQ5 = (QQ3 EOR %111) + (QQ15+3 AND %11) + (QQ4 / 2) \ \ We start by setting QQ5 = QQ3 EOR %111 LDA QQ15+3 \ We then take the first 2 bits of s1_hi (QQ15+3) and AND #%00000011 \ add it into QQ5 ADC QQ5 STA QQ5 LDA QQ4 \ And finally we add QQ4 / 2 and store the result in LSR A \ QQ5, using LSR then ADC to divide by 2, which rounds ADC QQ5 \ up the result for odd-numbered government types STA QQ5 ASL A \ Now to work out the population, like so: ASL A \ ADC QQ3 \ (tech level * 4) + economy + government + 1 ADC QQ4 \ ADC #1 \ or, in terms of memory locations: STA QQ6 \ \ QQ6 = (QQ5 * 4) + QQ3 + QQ4 + 1 LDA QQ3 \ Finally, we work out productivity, like this: EOR #%00000111 \ ADC #3 \ (flipped_economy + 3) * (government + 4) STA P \ * population LDA QQ4 \ * 8 ADC #4 \ STA Q \ or, in terms of memory locations: JSR MULTU \ \ QQ7 = (QQ3 EOR %111 + 3) * (QQ4 + 4) * QQ6 * 8 \ \ We do the first step by setting P to the first \ expression in brackets and Q to the second, and \ calling MULTU, so now (A P) = P * Q. The highest this \ can be is 10 * 11 (as the maximum values of economy \ and government are 7), so the high byte of the result \ will always be 0, so we actually have: \ \ P = P * Q \ = (flipped_economy + 3) * (government + 4) LDA QQ6 \ We now take the result in P and multiply by the STA Q \ population to get the productivity, by setting Q to JSR MULTU \ the population from QQ6 and calling MULTU again, so \ now we have: \ \ (A P) = P * population ASL P \ Next we multiply the result by 8, as a 16-bit number, ROL A \ so we shift both bytes to the left three times, using ASL P \ the C flag to carry bits from bit 7 of the low byte ROL A \ into bit 0 of the high byte ASL P ROL A STA QQ7+1 \ Finally, we store the productivity in two bytes, with LDA P \ the low byte in QQ7 and the high byte in QQ7+1 STA QQ7 RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TT24 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Calculate system data from the system seeds Deep dive: Generating system data Galaxy and system seedsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT111 calls TT24
Calculate system data from the seeds in QQ15 and store them in the relevant locations. Specifically, this routine calculates the following from the three 16-bit seeds in QQ15 (using only s0_hi, s1_hi and s1_lo): QQ3 = economy (0-7) QQ4 = government (0-7) QQ5 = technology level (0-14) QQ6 = population * 10 (1-71) QQ7 = productivity (96-62480) The ranges of the various values are shown in brackets. Note that the radius and type of inhabitant are calculated on-the-fly in the TT25 routine when the system data gets displayed, so they aren't calculated here..TT22 LDA #64 \ Clear the top part of the screen, draw a white border, JSR TT66 \ and set the current view type in QQ11 to 32 (Long- \ range Chart) LDA #7 \ Move the text cursor to column 7 STA XC JSR TT81 \ Set the seeds in QQ15 to those of system 0 in the \ current galaxy (i.e. copy the seeds from QQ21 to QQ15) LDA #199 \ Print recursive token 39 ("GALACTIC CHART{galaxy JSR TT27 \ number right-aligned to width 3}") JSR NLIN \ Draw a horizontal line at pixel row 23 to box in the \ title and act as the top frame of the chart, and move \ the text cursor down one line LDA #152 \ Draw a screen-wide horizontal line at pixel row 152 JSR NLIN2 \ for the bottom edge of the chart, so the chart itself \ is 128 pixels high, starting on row 24 and ending on \ row 151 JSR TT14 \ Call TT14 to draw a circle with crosshairs at the \ current system's galactic coordinates LDX #0 \ We're now going to plot each of the galaxy's systems, \ so set up a counter in X for each system, starting at \ 0 and looping through to 255 .TT83 STX XSAV \ Store the counter in XSAV LDX QQ15+3 \ Fetch the s1_hi seed into X, which gives us the \ galactic x-coordinate of this system LDY QQ15+4 \ Fetch the s2_lo seed and set bits 4 and 6, storing the TYA \ result in ZZ to give a random number between 80 and ORA #%01010000 \ (but which will always be the same for this system). STA ZZ \ We use this value to determine the size of the point \ for this system on the chart by passing it as the \ distance argument to the PIXEL routine below LDA QQ15+1 \ Fetch the s0_hi seed into A, which gives us the \ galactic y-coordinate of this system LSR A \ We halve the y-coordinate because the galaxy in \ in Elite is rectangular rather than square, and is \ twice as wide (x-axis) as it is high (y-axis), so the \ chart is 256 pixels wide and 128 high CLC \ Add 24 to the halved y-coordinate and store in XX15+1 ADC #24 \ (as the top of the chart is on pixel row 24, just STA XX15+1 \ below the line we drew on row 23 above) JSR PIXEL \ Call PIXEL to draw a point at (X, A), with the size of \ the point dependent on the distance specified in ZZ \ (so a high value of ZZ will produce a 1-pixel point, \ a medium value will produce a 2-pixel dash, and a \ small value will produce a 4-pixel square) JSR TT20 \ We want to move on to the next system, so call TT20 \ to twist the three 16-bit seeds in QQ15 LDX XSAV \ Restore the loop counter from XSAV INX \ Increment the counter BNE TT83 \ If X > 0 then we haven't done all 256 systems yet, so \ loop back up to TT83 LDA QQ9 \ Set QQ19 to the selected system's x-coordinate STA QQ19 LDA QQ10 \ Set QQ19+1 to the selected system's y-coordinate, LSR A \ halved to fit it into the chart STA QQ19+1 LDA #4 \ Set QQ19+2 to size 4 for the crosshairs size STA QQ19+2 \ Fall through into TT15 to draw crosshairs of size 4 at \ the selected system's coordinatesName: TT22 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Show the Long-range Chart (red key f4)Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT102 calls TT22.TT15 LDA #24 \ Set A to 24, which we will use as the minimum \ screen indent for the crosshairs (i.e. the minimum \ distance from the top-left corner of the screen) LDX QQ11 \ If the current view is not the Short-range Chart, BPL P%+4 \ which is the only view with bit 7 set, then skip the \ following instruction LDA #0 \ This is the Short-range Chart, so set A to 0, so the \ crosshairs can go right up against the screen edges STA QQ19+5 \ Set QQ19+5 to A, which now contains the correct indent \ for this view LDA QQ19 \ Set A = crosshairs x-coordinate - crosshairs size SEC \ to get the x-coordinate of the left edge of the SBC QQ19+2 \ crosshairs BCS TT84 \ If the above subtraction didn't underflow, then A is \ positive, so skip the next instruction LDA #0 \ The subtraction underflowed, so set A to 0 so the \ crosshairs don't spill out of the left of the screen .TT84 \ In the following, the authors have used XX15 for \ temporary storage. XX15 shares location with X1, Y1, \ X2 and Y2, so in the following, you can consider \ the variables like this: \ \ XX15 is the same as X1 \ XX15+1 is the same as Y1 \ XX15+2 is the same as X2 \ XX15+3 is the same as Y2 \ \ Presumably this routine was written at a different \ time to the line-drawing routine, before the two \ workspaces were merged to save space STA XX15 \ Set XX15 (X1) = A (the x-coordinate of the left edge \ of the crosshairs) LDA QQ19 \ Set A = crosshairs x-coordinate + crosshairs size CLC \ to get the x-coordinate of the right edge of the ADC QQ19+2 \ crosshairs BCC P%+4 \ If the above addition didn't overflow, then A is \ correct, so skip the next instruction LDA #255 \ The addition overflowed, so set A to 255 so the \ crosshairs don't spill out of the right of the screen \ (as 255 is the x-coordinate of the rightmost pixel \ on-screen) STA XX15+2 \ Set XX15+2 (X2) = A (the x-coordinate of the right \ edge of the crosshairs) LDA QQ19+1 \ Set XX15+1 (Y1) = crosshairs y-coordinate + indent CLC \ to get the y-coordinate of the centre of the ADC QQ19+5 \ crosshairs STA XX15+1 JSR HLOIN \ Draw a horizontal line from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y1), \ which will draw from the left edge of the crosshairs \ to the right edge, through the centre of the \ crosshairs LDA QQ19+1 \ Set A = crosshairs y-coordinate - crosshairs size SEC \ to get the y-coordinate of the top edge of the SBC QQ19+2 \ crosshairs BCS TT86 \ If the above subtraction didn't underflow, then A is \ correct, so skip the next instruction LDA #0 \ The subtraction underflowed, so set A to 0 so the \ crosshairs don't spill out of the top of the screen .TT86 CLC \ Set XX15+1 (Y1) = A + indent to get the y-coordinate ADC QQ19+5 \ of the top edge of the indented crosshairs STA XX15+1 LDA QQ19+1 \ Set A = crosshairs y-coordinate + crosshairs size CLC \ + indent to get the y-coordinate of the bottom edge ADC QQ19+2 \ of the indented crosshairs ADC QQ19+5 CMP #152 \ If A < 152 then skip the following, as the crosshairs BCC TT87 \ won't spill out of the bottom of the screen LDX QQ11 \ A >= 152, so we need to check whether this will fit in \ this view, so fetch the view type BMI TT87 \ If this is the Short-range Chart then the y-coordinate \ is fine, so skip to TT87 LDA #151 \ Otherwise this is the Long-range Chart, so we need to \ clip the crosshairs at a maximum y-coordinate of 151 .TT87 STA XX15+3 \ Set XX15+3 (Y2) = A (the y-coordinate of the bottom \ edge of the crosshairs) LDA QQ19 \ Set XX15 (X1) = the x-coordinate of the centre of the STA XX15 \ crosshairs STA XX15+2 \ Set XX15+2 (X2) = the x-coordinate of the centre of \ the crosshairs JMP LL30 \ Draw a vertical line (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y2), which will \ draw from the top edge of the crosshairs to the bottom \ edge, through the centre of the crosshairs, returning \ from the subroutine using a tail callName: TT15 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing lines Summary: Draw a set of crosshairsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT103 calls TT15 * TT105 calls TT15 * TT14 calls TT15
For all views except the Short-range Chart, the centre is drawn 24 pixels to the right of the y-coordinate given.
Arguments: QQ19 The pixel x-coordinate of the centre of the crosshairs QQ19+1 The pixel y-coordinate of the centre of the crosshairs QQ19+2 The size of the crosshairs.TT126 LDA #104 \ Set QQ19 = 104, for the x-coordinate of the centre of STA QQ19 \ the fixed circle on the Short-range Chart LDA #90 \ Set QQ19+1 = 90, for the y-coordinate of the centre of STA QQ19+1 \ the fixed circle on the Short-range Chart LDA #16 \ Set QQ19+2 = 16, the size of the crosshairs on the STA QQ19+2 \ Short-range Chart JSR TT15 \ Draw the set of crosshairs defined in QQ19, at the \ exact coordinates as this is the Short-range Chart LDA QQ14 \ Set K to the fuel level from QQ14, so this can act as STA K \ the circle's radius (70 being a full tank) JMP TT128 \ Jump to TT128 to draw a circle with the centre at the \ same coordinates as the crosshairs, (QQ19, QQ19+1), \ and radius K that reflects the current fuel levels, \ returning from the subroutine using a tail call .TT14 LDA QQ11 \ If the current view is the Short-range Chart, which BMI TT126 \ is the only view with bit 7 set, then jump up to TT126 \ to draw the crosshairs and circle for that view \ Otherwise this is the Long-range Chart, so we draw the \ crosshairs and circle for that view instead LDA QQ14 \ Set K to the fuel level from QQ14 divided by 4, so LSR A \ this can act as the circle's radius (70 being a full LSR A \ tank, which divides down to a radius of 17) STA K LDA QQ0 \ Set QQ19 to the x-coordinate of the current system, STA QQ19 \ which will be the centre of the circle and crosshairs \ we draw LDA QQ1 \ Set QQ19+1 to the y-coordinate of the current system, LSR A \ halved because the galactic chart is half as high as STA QQ19+1 \ it is wide, which will again be the centre of the \ circle and crosshairs we draw LDA #7 \ Set QQ19+2 = 7, the size of the crosshairs on the STA QQ19+2 \ Long-range Chart JSR TT15 \ Draw the set of crosshairs defined in QQ19, which will \ be drawn 24 pixels to the right of QQ19+1 LDA QQ19+1 \ Add 24 to the y-coordinate of the crosshairs in QQ19+1 CLC \ so that the centre of the circle matches the centre ADC #24 \ of the crosshairs STA QQ19+1 \ Fall through into TT128 to draw a circle with the \ centre at the same coordinates as the crosshairs, \ (QQ19, QQ19+1), and radius K that reflects the \ current fuel levelsName: TT14 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing circles Summary: Draw a circle with crosshairs on a chartContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT22 calls TT14 * TT23 calls TT14
Draw a circle with crosshairs at the current system's galactic coordinates..TT128 LDA QQ19 \ Set K3 = the x-coordinate of the centre STA K3 LDA QQ19+1 \ Set K4 = the y-coordinate of the centre STA K4 LDX #0 \ Set the high bytes of K3(1 0) and K4(1 0) to 0 STX K4+1 STX K3+1 INX \ Set LSP = 1 to reset the ball line heap STX LSP LDX #2 \ Set STP = 2, the step size for the circle STX STP JMP CIRCLE2 \ Jump to CIRCLE2 to draw a circle with the centre at \ (K3(1 0), K4(1 0)) and radius K, returning from the \ subroutine using a tail callName: TT128 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing circles Summary: Draw a circle on a chart Deep dive: Drawing circlesContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT14 calls TT128
Draw a circle with the centre at (QQ19, QQ19+1) and radius K.
Arguments: QQ19 The x-coordinate of the centre of the circle QQ19+1 The y-coordinate of the centre of the circle K The radius of the circle.TT16 TXA \ Push the change in X onto the stack (let's call this PHA \ the x-delta) DEY \ Negate the change in Y and push it onto the stack TYA \ (let's call this the y-delta) EOR #&FF PHA JSR WSCAN \ Call WSCAN to wait for the vertical sync, so the whole \ screen gets drawn and we can move the crosshairs with \ no screen flicker JSR TT103 \ Draw small crosshairs at coordinates (QQ9, QQ10), \ which will erase the crosshairs currently there PLA \ Store the y-delta in QQ19+3 and fetch the current STA QQ19+3 \ y-coordinate of the crosshairs from QQ10 into A, ready LDA QQ10 \ for the call to TT123 JSR TT123 \ Call TT123 to move the selected system's galactic \ y-coordinate by the y-delta, putting the new value in \ QQ19+4 LDA QQ19+4 \ Store the updated y-coordinate in QQ10 (the current STA QQ10 \ y-coordinate of the crosshairs) STA QQ19+1 \ This instruction has no effect, as QQ19+1 is \ overwritten below, both in TT103 and TT105 PLA \ Store the x-delta in QQ19+3 and fetch the current STA QQ19+3 \ x-coordinate of the crosshairs from QQ10 into A, ready LDA QQ9 \ for the call to TT123 JSR TT123 \ Call TT123 to move the selected system's galactic \ x-coordinate by the x-delta, putting the new value in \ QQ19+4 LDA QQ19+4 \ Store the updated x-coordinate in QQ9 (the current STA QQ9 \ x-coordinate of the crosshairs) STA QQ19 \ This instruction has no effect, as QQ19 is overwritten \ below, both in TT103 and TT105 \ Now we've updated the coordinates of the crosshairs, \ fall through into TT103 to redraw them at their new \ locationName: TT16 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Move the crosshairs on a chartContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT102 calls TT16
Move the chart crosshairs by the amount in X and Y.
Arguments: X The amount to move the crosshairs in the x-axis Y The amount to move the crosshairs in the y-axis.TT103 LDA QQ11 \ Fetch the current view type into A BMI TT105 \ If this is the Short-range Chart screen, jump to TT105 LDA QQ9 \ Store the crosshairs x-coordinate in QQ19 STA QQ19 LDA QQ10 \ Halve the crosshairs y-coordinate and store it in QQ19 LSR A \ (we halve it because the Long-range Chart is half as STA QQ19+1 \ high as it is wide) LDA #4 \ Set QQ19+2 to 4 denote crosshairs of size 4 STA QQ19+2 JMP TT15 \ Jump to TT15 to draw crosshairs of size 4 at the \ crosshairs coordinates, returning from the subroutine \ using a tail callName: TT103 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Draw a small set of crosshairs on a chartContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * hm calls TT103 * HME2 calls TT103 * TT102 calls TT103 * TT16 calls TT103 * TT23 calls TT103
Draw a small set of crosshairs on a galactic chart at the coordinates in (QQ9, QQ10)..TT123 STA QQ19+4 \ Store the original coordinate in temporary storage at \ QQ19+4 CLC \ Set A = A + QQ19+3, so A now contains the original ADC QQ19+3 \ coordinate, moved by the delta LDX QQ19+3 \ If the delta is negative, jump to TT124 BMI TT124 BCC TT125 \ If the C flag is clear, then the above addition didn't \ overflow, so jump to TT125 to return the updated value RTS \ Otherwise the C flag is set and the above addition \ overflowed, so do not update the return value .TT124 BCC TT180 \ If the C flag is clear, then because the delta is \ negative, this indicates the addition (which is \ effectively a subtraction) underflowed, so jump to \ TT180 to return from the subroutine without updating \ the return value .TT125 STA QQ19+4 \ Store the updated coordinate in QQ19+4 .TT180 RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TT123 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Move galactic coordinates by a signed deltaContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT16 calls TT123 * TT105 calls via TT180
Move an 8-bit galactic coordinate by a certain distance in either direction (i.e. a signed 8-bit delta), but only if it doesn't cause the coordinate to overflow. The coordinate is in a single axis, so it's either an x-coordinate or a y-coordinate.
Arguments: A The galactic coordinate to update QQ19+3 The delta (can be positive or negative)
Returns: QQ19+4 The updated coordinate after moving by the delta (this will be the same as A if moving by the delta overflows)
Other entry points: TT180 Contains an RTS.TT105 LDA QQ9 \ Set A = QQ9 - QQ0, the horizontal distance between the SEC \ crosshairs (QQ9) and the current system (QQ0) SBC QQ0 CMP #38 \ If the horizontal distance in A < 38, then the BCC TT179 \ crosshairs are close enough to the current system to \ appear in the Short-range Chart, so jump to TT179 to \ check the vertical distance CMP #230 \ If the horizontal distance in A < -26, then the BCC TT180 \ crosshairs are too far from the current system to \ appear in the Short-range Chart, so jump to TT180 to \ return from the subroutine (as TT180 contains an RTS) .TT179 ASL A \ Set QQ19 = 104 + A * 4 ASL A \ CLC \ 104 is the x-coordinate of the centre of the chart, ADC #104 \ so this sets QQ19 to the screen pixel x-coordinate STA QQ19 \ of the crosshairs LDA QQ10 \ Set A = QQ10 - QQ1, the vertical distance between the SEC \ crosshairs (QQ10) and the current system (QQ1) SBC QQ1 CMP #38 \ If the vertical distance in A is < 38, then the BCC P%+6 \ crosshairs are close enough to the current system to \ appear in the Short-range Chart, so skip the next two \ instructions CMP #220 \ If the horizontal distance in A is < -36, then the BCC TT180 \ crosshairs are too far from the current system to \ appear in the Short-range Chart, so jump to TT180 to \ return from the subroutine (as TT180 contains an RTS) ASL A \ Set QQ19+1 = 90 + A * 2 CLC \ ADC #90 \ 90 is the y-coordinate of the centre of the chart, STA QQ19+1 \ so this sets QQ19+1 to the screen pixel x-coordinate \ of the crosshairs LDA #8 \ Set QQ19+2 to 8 denote crosshairs of size 8 STA QQ19+2 JMP TT15 \ Jump to TT15 to draw crosshairs of size 8 at the \ crosshairs coordinates, returning from the subroutine \ using a tail callName: TT105 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Draw crosshairs on the Short-range Chart, with clippingContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT103 calls TT105
Check whether the crosshairs are close enough to the current system to appear on the Short-range Chart, and if so, draw them..TT23 LDA #128 \ Clear the top part of the screen, draw a white border, JSR TT66 \ and set the current view type in QQ11 to 128 (Short- \ range Chart) LDA #7 \ Move the text cursor to column 7 STA XC LDA #190 \ Print recursive token 30 ("SHORT RANGE CHART") and JSR NLIN3 \ draw a horizontal line at pixel row 19 to box in the \ title JSR TT14 \ Call TT14 to draw a circle with crosshairs at the \ current system's galactic coordinates JSR TT103 \ Draw small crosshairs at coordinates (QQ9, QQ10), \ i.e. at the selected system JSR TT81 \ Set the seeds in QQ15 to those of system 0 in the \ current galaxy (i.e. copy the seeds from QQ21 to QQ15) LDA #0 \ Set A = 0, which we'll use below to zero out the INWK \ workspace STA XX20 \ We're about to start working our way through each of \ the galaxy's systems, so set up a counter in XX20 for \ each system, starting at 0 and looping through to 255 LDX #24 \ First, though, we need to zero out the 25 bytes at \ INWK so we can use them to work out which systems have \ room for a label, so set a counter in X for 25 bytes .EE3 STA INWK,X \ Set the X-th byte of INWK to zero DEX \ Decrement the counter BPL EE3 \ Loop back to EE3 for the next byte until we've zeroed \ all 25 bytes \ We now loop through every single system in the galaxy \ and check the distance from the current system whose \ coordinates are in (QQ0, QQ1). We get the galactic \ coordinates of each system from the system's seeds, \ like this: \ \ x = s1_hi (which is stored in QQ15+3) \ y = s0_hi (which is stored in QQ15+1) \ \ so the following loops through each system in the \ galaxy in turn and calculates the distance between \ (QQ0, QQ1) and (s1_hi, s0_hi) to find the closest one .TT182 LDA QQ15+3 \ Set A = s1_hi - QQ0, the horizontal distance between SEC \ (s1_hi, s0_hi) and (QQ0, QQ1) SBC QQ0 BCS TT184 \ If a borrow didn't occur, i.e. s1_hi >= QQ0, then the \ result is positive, so jump to TT184 and skip the \ following two instructions EOR #&FF \ Otherwise negate the result in A, so A is always ADC #1 \ positive (i.e. A = |s1_hi - QQ0|) .TT184 CMP #20 \ If the horizontal distance in A is >= 20, then this BCS TT187 \ system is too far away from the current system to \ appear in the Short-range Chart, so jump to TT187 to \ move on to the next system LDA QQ15+1 \ Set A = s0_hi - QQ1, the vertical distance between SEC \ (s1_hi, s0_hi) and (QQ0, QQ1) SBC QQ1 BCS TT186 \ If a borrow didn't occur, i.e. s0_hi >= QQ1, then the \ result is positive, so jump to TT186 and skip the \ following two instructions EOR #&FF \ Otherwise negate the result in A, so A is always ADC #1 \ positive (i.e. A = |s0_hi - QQ1|) .TT186 CMP #38 \ If the vertical distance in A is >= 38, then this BCS TT187 \ system is too far away from the current system to \ appear in the Short-range Chart, so jump to TT187 to \ move on to the next system \ This system should be shown on the Short-range Chart, \ so now we need to work out where the label should go, \ and set up the various variables we need to draw the \ system's filled circle on the chart LDA QQ15+3 \ Set A = s1_hi - QQ0, the horizontal distance between SEC \ this system and the current system, where |A| < 20. SBC QQ0 \ Let's call this the x-delta, as it's the horizontal \ difference between the current system at the centre of \ the chart, and this system (and this time we keep the \ sign of A, so it can be negative if it's to the left \ of the chart's centre, or positive if it's to the \ right) ASL A \ Set XX12 = 104 + x-delta * 4 ASL A \ ADC #104 \ 104 is the x-coordinate of the centre of the chart, STA XX12 \ so this sets XX12 to the centre 104 +/- 76, the pixel \ x-coordinate of this system LSR A \ Move the text cursor to column x-delta / 2 + 1 LSR A \ which will be in the range 1-10 LSR A STA XC INC XC LDA QQ15+1 \ Set A = s0_hi - QQ1, the vertical distance between SEC \ this system and the current system, where |A| < 38. SBC QQ1 \ Let's call this the y-delta, as it's the vertical \ difference between the current system at the centre of \ the chart, and this system (and this time we keep the \ sign of A, so it can be negative if it's above the \ chart's centre, or positive if it's below) ASL A \ Set K4 = 90 + y-delta * 2 ADC #90 \ STA K4 \ 90 is the y-coordinate of the centre of the chart, \ so this sets K4 to the centre 90 +/- 74, the pixel \ y-coordinate of this system LSR A \ Set Y = K4 / 8, so Y contains the number of the text LSR A \ row that contains this system LSR A TAY \ Now to see if there is room for this system's label. \ Ideally we would print the system name on the same \ text row as the system, but we only want to print one \ label per row, to prevent overlap, so now we check \ this system's row, and if that's already occupied, \ the row above, and if that's already occupied, the \ row below... and if that's already occupied, we give \ up and don't print a label for this system LDX INWK,Y \ If the value in INWK+Y is 0 (i.e. the text row BEQ EE4 \ containing this system does not already have another \ system's label on it), jump to EE4 to store this \ system's label on this row INY \ If the value in INWK+Y+1 is 0 (i.e. the text row below LDX INWK,Y \ the one containing this system does not already have BEQ EE4 \ another system's label on it), jump to EE4 to store \ this system's label on this row DEY \ If the value in INWK+Y-1 is 0 (i.e. the text row above DEY \ the one containing this system does not already have LDX INWK,Y \ another system's label on it), fall through into to BNE ee1 \ EE4 to store this system's label on this row, \ otherwise jump to ee1 to skip printing a label for \ this system (as there simply isn't room) .EE4 STY YC \ Now to print the label, so move the text cursor to row \ Y (which contains the row where we can print this \ system's label) CPY #3 \ If Y < 3, then the system would clash with the chart BCC TT187 \ title, so jump to TT187 to skip showing the system LDA #&FF \ Store &FF in INWK+Y, to denote that this row is now STA INWK,Y \ occupied so we don't try to print another system's \ label on this row LDA #%10000000 \ Set bit 7 of QQ17 to switch to Sentence Case STA QQ17 JSR cpl \ Call cpl to print out the system name for the seeds \ in QQ15 (which now contains the seeds for the current \ system) .ee1 LDA #0 \ Now to plot the star, so set the high bytes of K, K3 STA K3+1 \ and K4 to 0 STA K4+1 STA K+1 LDA XX12 \ Set the low byte of K3 to XX12, the pixel x-coordinate STA K3 \ of this system LDA QQ15+5 \ Fetch s2_hi for this system from QQ15+5, extract bit 0 AND #1 \ and add 2 to get the size of the star, which we store ADC #2 \ in K. This will be either 2, 3 or 4, depending on the STA K \ value of bit 0, and whether the C flag is set (which \ will vary depending on what happens in the above call \ to cpl). Incidentally, the planet's average radius \ also uses s2_hi, bits 0-3 to be precise, but that \ doesn't mean the two sizes affect each other \ We now have the following: \ \ K(1 0) = radius of star (2, 3 or 4) \ \ K3(1 0) = pixel x-coordinate of system \ \ K4(1 0) = pixel y-coordinate of system \ \ which we can now pass to the SUN routine to draw a \ small "sun" on the Short-range Chart for this system JSR FLFLLS \ Call FLFLLS to reset the LSO block JSR SUN \ Call SUN to plot a sun with radius K at pixel \ coordinate (K3, K4) JSR FLFLLS \ Call FLFLLS to reset the LSO block .TT187 JSR TT20 \ We want to move on to the next system, so call TT20 \ to twist the three 16-bit seeds in QQ15 INC XX20 \ Increment the counter BEQ TT111-1 \ If X = 0 then we have done all 256 systems, so return \ from the subroutine (as TT111-1 contains an RTS) JMP TT182 \ Otherwise jump back up to TT182 to process the next \ systemName: TT23 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Show the Short-range Chart (red key f5)Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT102 calls TT23.TT81 LDX #5 \ Set up a counter in X to copy six bytes (for three \ 16-bit numbers) LDA QQ21,X \ Copy the X-th byte in QQ21 to the X-th byte in QQ15 STA QQ15,X DEX \ Decrement the counter BPL TT81+2 \ Loop back up to the LDA instruction if we still have \ more bytes to copy RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TT81 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Set the selected system's seeds to those of system 0Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * HME2 calls TT81 * TT111 calls TT81 * TT22 calls TT81 * TT23 calls TT81
Copy the three 16-bit seeds for the current galaxy's system 0 (QQ21) into the seeds for the selected system (QQ15) - in other words, set the selected system's seeds to those of system 0..TT111 JSR TT81 \ Set the seeds in QQ15 to those of system 0 in the \ current galaxy (i.e. copy the seeds from QQ21 to QQ15) \ We now loop through every single system in the galaxy \ and check the distance from (QQ9, QQ10). We get the \ galactic coordinates of each system from the system's \ seeds, like this: \ \ x = s1_hi (which is stored in QQ15+3) \ y = s0_hi (which is stored in QQ15+1) \ \ so the following loops through each system in the \ galaxy in turn and calculates the distance between \ (QQ9, QQ10) and (s1_hi, s0_hi) to find the closest one LDY #127 \ Set Y = T = 127 to hold the shortest distance we've STY T \ found so far, which we initially set to half the \ distance across the galaxy, or 127, as our coordinate \ system ranges from (0,0) to (255, 255) LDA #0 \ Set A = U = 0 to act as a counter for each system in STA U \ the current galaxy, which we start at system 0 and \ loop through to 255, the last system .TT130 LDA QQ15+3 \ Set A = s1_hi - QQ9, the horizontal distance between SEC \ (s1_hi, s0_hi) and (QQ9, QQ10) SBC QQ9 BCS TT132 \ If a borrow didn't occur, i.e. s1_hi >= QQ9, then the \ result is positive, so jump to TT132 and skip the \ following two instructions EOR #&FF \ Otherwise negate the result in A, so A is always ADC #1 \ positive (i.e. A = |s1_hi - QQ9|) .TT132 LSR A \ Set S = A / 2 STA S \ = |s1_hi - QQ9| / 2 LDA QQ15+1 \ Set A = s0_hi - QQ10, the vertical distance between SEC \ (s1_hi, s0_hi) and (QQ9, QQ10) SBC QQ10 BCS TT134 \ If a borrow didn't occur, i.e. s0_hi >= QQ10, then the \ result is positive, so jump to TT134 and skip the \ following two instructions EOR #&FF \ Otherwise negate the result in A, so A is always ADC #1 \ positive (i.e. A = |s0_hi - QQ10|) .TT134 LSR A \ Set A = S + A / 2 CLC \ = |s1_hi - QQ9| / 2 + |s0_hi - QQ10| / 2 ADC S \ \ So A now contains the sum of the horizontal and \ vertical distances, both divided by 2 so the result \ fits into one byte, and although this doesn't contain \ the actual distance between the systems, it's a good \ enough approximation to use for comparing distances CMP T \ If A >= T, then this system's distance is bigger than BCS TT135 \ our "minimum distance so far" stored in T, so it's no \ closer than the systems we have already found, so \ skip to TT135 to move on to the next system STA T \ This system is the closest to (QQ9, QQ10) so far, so \ update T with the new "distance" approximation LDX #5 \ As this system is the closest we have found yet, we \ want to store the system's seeds in case it ends up \ being the closest of all, so we set up a counter in X \ to copy six bytes (for three 16-bit numbers) .TT136 LDA QQ15,X \ Copy the X-th byte in QQ15 to the X-th byte in QQ19, STA QQ19,X \ where QQ15 contains the seeds for the system we just \ found to be the closest so far, and QQ19 is temporary \ storage DEX \ Decrement the counter BPL TT136 \ Loop back to TT136 if we still have more bytes to \ copy LDA U \ Store the system number U in ZZ, so when we are done STA ZZ \ looping through all the candidates, the winner's \ number will be in ZZ .TT135 JSR TT20 \ We want to move on to the next system, so call TT20 \ to twist the three 16-bit seeds in QQ15 INC U \ Increment the system counter in U BNE TT130 \ If U > 0 then we haven't done all 256 systems yet, so \ loop back up to TT130 \ We have now finished checking all the systems in the \ galaxy, and the seeds for the closest system are in \ QQ19, so now we want to copy these seeds to QQ15, \ to set the selected system to this closest system LDX #5 \ So we set up a counter in X to copy six bytes (for \ three 16-bit numbers) .TT137 LDA QQ19,X \ Copy the X-th byte in QQ19 to the X-th byte in QQ15 STA QQ15,X DEX \ Decrement the counter BPL TT137 \ Loop back to TT137 if we still have more bytes to \ copy LDA QQ15+1 \ The y-coordinate of the system described by the seeds STA QQ10 \ in QQ15 is in QQ15+1 (s0_hi), so we copy this to QQ10 \ as this is where we store the selected system's \ y-coordinate LDA QQ15+3 \ The x-coordinate of the system described by the seeds STA QQ9 \ in QQ15 is in QQ15+3 (s1_hi), so we copy this to QQ9 \ as this is where we store the selected system's \ x-coordinate \ We have now found the closest system to (QQ9, QQ10) \ and have set it as the selected system, so now we \ need to work out the distance between the selected \ system and the current system SEC \ Set A = QQ9 - QQ0, the horizontal distance between SBC QQ0 \ the selected system's x-coordinate (QQ9) and the \ current system's x-coordinate (QQ0) BCS TT139 \ If a borrow didn't occur, i.e. QQ9 >= QQ0, then the \ result is positive, so jump to TT139 and skip the \ following two instructions EOR #&FF \ Otherwise negate the result in A, so A is always ADC #1 \ positive (i.e. A = |QQ9 - QQ0|) \ A now contains the difference between the two \ systems' x-coordinates, with the sign removed. We \ will refer to this as the x-delta ("delta" means \ change or difference in maths) .TT139 JSR SQUA2 \ Set (A P) = A * A \ = |QQ9 - QQ0| ^ 2 \ = x_delta ^ 2 STA K+1 \ Store (A P) in K(1 0) LDA P STA K LDA QQ10 \ Set A = QQ10 - QQ1, the vertical distance between the SEC \ selected system's y-coordinate (QQ10) and the current SBC QQ1 \ system's y-coordinate (QQ1) BCS TT141 \ If a borrow didn't occur, i.e. QQ10 >= QQ1, then the \ result is positive, so jump to TT141 and skip the \ following two instructions EOR #&FF \ Otherwise negate the result in A, so A is always ADC #1 \ positive (i.e. A = |QQ10 - QQ1|) .TT141 LSR A \ Set A = A / 2 \ A now contains the difference between the two \ systems' y-coordinates, with the sign removed, and \ halved. We halve the value because the galaxy in \ in Elite is rectangular rather than square, and is \ twice as wide (x-axis) as it is high (y-axis), so to \ get a distance that matches the shape of the \ long-range galaxy chart, we need to halve the \ distance between the vertical y-coordinates. We will \ refer to this as the y-delta JSR SQUA2 \ Set (A P) = A * A \ = (|QQ10 - QQ1| / 2) ^ 2 \ = y_delta ^ 2 \ By this point we have the following results: \ \ K(1 0) = x_delta ^ 2 \ (A P) = y_delta ^ 2 \ \ so to find the distance between the two points, we \ can use Pythagoras - so first we need to add the two \ results together, and then take the square root PHA \ Store the high byte of the y-axis value on the stack, \ so we can use A for another purpose LDA P \ Set Q = P + K, which adds the low bytes of the two CLC \ calculated values ADC K STA Q PLA \ Restore the high byte of the y-axis value from the \ stack into A again ADC K+1 \ Set R = A + K+1, which adds the high bytes of the two STA R \ calculated values, so we now have: \ \ (R Q) = K(1 0) + (A P) \ = (x_delta ^ 2) + (y_delta ^ 2) JSR LL5 \ Set Q = SQRT(R Q), so Q now contains the distance \ between the two systems, in terms of coordinates \ We now store the distance to the selected system * 4 \ in the two-byte location QQ8, by taking (0 Q) and \ shifting it left twice, storing it in QQ8(1 0) LDA Q \ First we shift the low byte left by setting ASL A \ A = Q * 2, with bit 7 of A going into the C flag LDX #0 \ Now we set the high byte in QQ8+1 to 0 and rotate STX QQ8+1 \ the C flag into bit 0 of QQ8+1 ROL QQ8+1 ASL A \ And then we repeat the shift left of (QQ8+1 A) ROL QQ8+1 STA QQ8 \ And store A in the low byte, QQ8, so QQ8(1 0) now \ contains Q * 4. Given that the width of the galaxy is \ 256 in coordinate terms, the width of the galaxy \ would be 1024 in the units we store in QQ8 JMP TT24 \ Call TT24 to calculate system data from the seeds in \ QQ15 and store them in the relevant locations, so our \ new selected system is fully set up, and return from \ the subroutine using a tail callName: TT111 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Set the current system to the nearest system to a pointContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * hm calls TT111 * HME2 calls TT111 * TT102 calls TT111 * TT23 calls via TT111-1
Given a set of galactic coordinates in (QQ9, QQ10), find the nearest system to this point in the galaxy, and set this as the currently selected system.
Arguments: QQ9 The x-coordinate near which we want to find a system QQ10 The y-coordinate near which we want to find a system
Returns: QQ8(1 0) The distance from the current system to the nearest system to the original coordinates QQ9 The x-coordinate of the nearest system to the original coordinates QQ10 The y-coordinate of the nearest system to the original coordinates QQ15 to QQ15+5 The three 16-bit seeds of the nearest system to the original coordinates ZZ The system number of the nearest system
Other entry points: TT111-1 Contains an RTS.pr6 CLC \ Do not display a decimal point when printing \ Fall through into pr5 to print X to 5 digitsName: pr6 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Print 16-bit number, left-padded to 5 digits, no pointContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT25 calls pr6
Print the 16-bit number in (Y X) to 5 digits, left-padding with spaces for numbers with fewer than 3 digits (so numbers < 10000 are right-aligned), with no decimal point.
Arguments: X The low byte of the number to print Y The high byte of the number to print.pr5 LDA #5 \ Set the number of digits to print to 5 JMP TT11 \ Call TT11 to print (Y X) to 5 digits and return from \ the subroutine using a tail callName: pr5 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Print a 16-bit number, left-padded to 5 digits, and optional pointContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT146 calls pr5 * TT25 calls pr5
Print the 16-bit number in (Y X) to 5 digits, left-padding with spaces for numbers with fewer than 3 digits (so numbers < 10000 are right-aligned). Optionally include a decimal point.
Arguments: X The low byte of the number to print Y The high byte of the number to print C flag If set, include a decimal point.TT162 LDA #' ' \ Load a space character into A JMP TT27 \ Print the text token in A and return from the \ subroutine using a tail callName: TT162 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Print a spaceContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * menu calls TT162 * spc calls TT162 * TT25 calls TT162 * TTX66 calls TT162
Other entry points: TT162+2 Jump to TT27 to print the text token in A\ --- Mod: Code added for Elite-A: --------------------> .func_tab EQUB f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9 \ --- End of added code ------------------------------->Name: func_tab [Show more] Type: Variable Category: Keyboard Summary: Lookup table for internal numbers of red function keysContext: See this variable on its own page References: This variable is used as follows: * buy_invnt uses func_tab\ --- Mod: Code added for Elite-A: --------------------> .buy_invnt SBC #(128 - '0') \ We already subtracted ASCII "0" from the ASCII value \ of the key pressed, so this subtracts 128 from the \ original ASCII value of the key pressed. As red key f0 \ is given ASCII value 128, and f1 is 129 and so on, \ this reduces a key press of f0 to A = 0, a key press \ of f1 to A = 1, and so on BCC buy_top \ If the subtraction just underflowed, then the key \ pressed was not a red function key, so jump to buy_top \ to "press" red key f1 (Encyclopedia screen) CMP #10 \ If A < 10, then the key pressed was a red function BCC buy_func \ key, so jump to buy_func so we press the red key whose \ number is in A (so A = 0 "presses" red key f0, A = 1 \ "presses" red key f1, and so on) \ Otherwise A >= 10, so the key pressed is something \ else, so fall through into buy_top to "press" red key \ f1 (Encyclopedia screen) .buy_top LDA #1 \ Set A = 1 so we "press" red key f1 (Encyclopedia \ screen) in the following .buy_func TAX \ Jump into the main loop at FRCE, setting the key to LDA func_tab,X \ the X-th red key (so X = 0 "presses" red key f0, X = 1 JMP FRCE \ "presses" red key f1, and so on) \ --- End of added code ------------------------------->Name: buy_invnt [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Buying ships Summary: Process key presses in the encyclopediaContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * gnum calls buy_invnt
Arguments: A The ASCII value of the key pressed, minus ASCII "0".gnum LDX #0 \ We will build the number entered in R, so initialise STX R \ it with 0 LDX #12 \ We will check for up to 12 key presses, so set a STX T1 \ counter in T1 .TT223 JSR TT217 \ Scan the keyboard until a key is pressed, and return \ the key's ASCII code in A (and X) LDX R \ If R is non-zero then skip to NWDAV2, as we are BNE NWDAV2 \ already building a number \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \ CMP #'y' \ If "Y" was pressed, jump to NWDAV1 to return the \ BEQ NWDAV1 \ maximum number allowed (i.e. buy/sell the whole stock) \ \ CMP #'n' \ If "N" was pressed, jump to NWDAV3 to return from the \ BEQ NWDAV3 \ subroutine with a result of 0 (i.e. abort transaction) \ --- End of removed code -----------------------------> .NWDAV2 STA Q \ Store the key pressed in Q SEC \ Subtract ASCII "0" from the key pressed, to leave the SBC #'0' \ numeric value of the key in A (if it was a number key) BCC OUT \ If A < 0, jump to OUT to load the current number and \ return from the subroutine, as the key pressed was \ RETURN (or some other ncharacter with a value less \ than ASCII "0") \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \ CMP #10 \ If A >= 10, jump to BAY2 to display the Inventory \ BCS BAY2 \ screen, as the key pressed was a letter or other \ \ non-digit and is greater than ASCII "9" \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> CMP #10 \ If A >= 10, jump to buy_invnt to decide which screen BCS buy_invnt \ to display, as the key pressed was a letter or other \ non-digit and is greater than ASCII "9" (so it could \ be a red function key, for example) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> STA S \ Store the numeric value of the key pressed in S LDA R \ Fetch the result so far into A CMP #26 \ If A >= 26, where A is the number entered so far, then BCS OUT \ adding a further digit will make it bigger than 256, \ so jump to OUT to return from the subroutine with the \ result in R (i.e. ignore the last key press) ASL A \ Set A = (A * 2) + (A * 8) = A * 10 STA T ASL A ASL A ADC T ADC S \ Add the pressed digit to A and store in R, so R now STA R \ contains its previous value with the new key press \ tacked onto the end CMP QQ25 \ If the result in R = the maximum allowed in QQ25, jump BEQ TT226 \ to TT226 to print the key press and keep looping (the \ BEQ is needed because the BCS below would jump to OUT \ if R >= QQ25, which we don't want) BCS OUT \ If the result in R > QQ25, jump to OUT to return from \ the subroutine with the result in R .TT226 LDA Q \ Print the character in Q (i.e. the key that was JSR TT26 \ pressed, as we stored the ASCII value in Q earlier) DEC T1 \ Decrement the loop counter BNE TT223 \ Loop back to TT223 until we have checked for 12 digits .OUT LDA R \ Set A to the result we have been building in R RTS \ Return from the subroutine \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \.NWDAV1 \ \ \ If we get here then "Y" was pressed, so we return the \ \ maximum number allowed, which is in QQ25 \ \ JSR TT26 \ Print the character for the key that was pressed \ \ LDA QQ25 \ Set R = QQ25, so we return the maximum value allowed \ STA R \ \ RTS \ Return from the subroutine \ \.NWDAV3 \ \ \ If we get here then "N" was pressed, so we return 0 \ \ JSR TT26 \ Print the character for the key that was pressed \ \ LDA #0 \ Set R = 0, so we return 0 \ STA R \ \ RTS \ Return from the subroutine \ --- End of removed code ----------------------------->Name: gnum [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Market Summary: Get a number from the keyboardContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * menu calls gnum
Get a number from the keyboard, up to the maximum number in QQ25, for the buying and selling of cargo and equipment. Pressing "Y" will return the maximum number (i.e. buy/sell all items), while pressing "N" will abort the sale and return a 0. Pressing a key with an ASCII code less than ASCII "0" will return a 0 in A (so that includes pressing Space or Return), while pressing a key with an ASCII code greater than ASCII "9" will jump to the Inventory screen (so that includes all letters and most punctuation).
Arguments: QQ25 The maximum number allowed
Returns: A The number entered R Also contains the number entered C flag Set if the number is too large (> QQ25), clear otherwise.dn2 JSR BEEP \ Call the BEEP subroutine to make a short, high beep LDY #50 \ Delay for 50 vertical syncs (50/50 = 1 second) and JMP DELAY \ return from the subroutine using a tail callName: dn2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Text Summary: Make a short, high beep and delay for 1 secondContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * info_menu calls dn2.hm JSR TT103 \ Draw small crosshairs at coordinates (QQ9, QQ10), \ which will erase the crosshairs currently there JSR TT111 \ Select the system closest to galactic coordinates \ (QQ9, QQ10) JSR TT103 \ Draw small crosshairs at coordinates (QQ9, QQ10), \ which will draw the crosshairs at our current home \ system JMP CLYNS \ Clear the bottom three text rows of the upper screen, \ and move the text cursor to column 1 on row 21, i.e. \ the start of the top row of the three bottom rows \ Return from the subroutine using a tail callName: hm [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Charts Summary: Select the closest system and redraw the chart crosshairsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT102 calls hm
Set the system closest to galactic coordinates (QQ9, QQ10) as the selected system, redraw the crosshairs on the chart accordingly (if they are being shown), and, if this is not a space view, clear the bottom three text rows of the screen.PRINT "ELITE D" PRINT "Assembled at ", ~CODE_D% PRINT "Ends at ", ~P% PRINT "Code size is ", ~(P% - CODE_D%) PRINT "Execute at ", ~LOAD% PRINT "Reload at ", ~LOAD_D% PRINT "S.F.ELTD ", ~CODE_D%, " ", ~P%, " ", ~LOAD%, " ", ~LOAD_D% \SAVE "3-assembled-output/F.ELTD.bin", CODE_D%, P%, LOAD%Save ELTD.bin
[X]
Subroutine BEEP (category: Sound)
Make a short, high beep
[X]
Subroutine CIRCLE2 (category: Drawing circles)
Draw a circle (for the planet or chart)
[X]
Subroutine CLYNS (category: Drawing the screen)
Clear the bottom three text rows of the mode 4 screen
[X]
Subroutine DELAY (category: Utility routines)
Wait for a specified time, in 1/50s of a second
[X]
Subroutine FLFLLS (category: Drawing suns)
Reset the sun line heap
[X]
Entry point FRCE in subroutine Main game loop (Part 6 of 6) (category: Main loop)
The entry point for the main game loop if we want to jump straight to a specific screen, by pretending to "press" a key, in which case A contains the internal key number of the key we want to "press"
[X]
Subroutine HLOIN (category: Drawing lines)
Draw a horizontal line from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y1)
[X]
Entry point LL30 in subroutine LOIN (Part 1 of 7) (category: Drawing lines)
LL30 is a synonym for LOIN and draws a line from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y2)
[X]
Subroutine LL5 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate Q = SQRT(R Q)
[X]
The ball line heap pointer, which contains the number of the first free byte after the end of the LSX2 and LSY2 heaps (see the deep dive on The ball line heap for details)
[X]
Subroutine MULTU (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A P) = P * Q
[X]
Subroutine NLIN (category: Drawing lines)
Draw a horizontal line at pixel row 23 to box in a title
[X]
Subroutine NLIN2 (category: Drawing lines)
Draw a screen-wide horizontal line at the pixel row in A
[X]
Subroutine NLIN3 (category: Drawing lines)
Print a title and draw a horizontal line at row 19 to box it in
[X]
Subroutine PIXEL (category: Drawing pixels)
Draw a 1-pixel dot, 2-pixel dash or 4-pixel square
[X]
Subroutine SQUA2 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A P) = A * A
[X]
Subroutine SUN (Part 1 of 4) (category: Drawing suns)
Draw the sun: Set up all the variables needed to draw the sun
[X]
Subroutine TT103 (category: Charts)
Draw a small set of crosshairs on a chart
[X]
Subroutine TT105 (category: Charts)
Draw crosshairs on the Short-range Chart, with clipping
[X]
Subroutine TT11 (category: Text)
Print a 16-bit number, left-padded to n digits, and optional point
[X]
Subroutine TT111 (category: Universe)
Set the current system to the nearest system to a point
[X]
Subroutine TT123 (category: Charts)
Move galactic coordinates by a signed delta
[X]
Subroutine TT128 (category: Drawing circles)
Draw a circle on a chart
[X]
Subroutine TT14 (category: Drawing circles)
Draw a circle with crosshairs on a chart
[X]
Subroutine TT146 (category: Universe)
Print the distance to the selected system in light years
[X]
Subroutine TT15 (category: Drawing lines)
Draw a set of crosshairs
[X]
Subroutine TT162 (category: Text)
Print a space
[X]
Subroutine TT20 (category: Universe)
Twist the selected system's seeds four times
[X]
Subroutine TT217 (category: Keyboard)
Scan the keyboard until a key is pressed
[X]
Subroutine TT24 (category: Universe)
Calculate system data from the system seeds
[X]
Subroutine TT26 (category: Text)
Print a character at the text cursor, with support for verified text in extended tokens
[X]
Subroutine TT27 (category: Text)
Print a text token
[X]
Subroutine TT60 (category: Text)
Print a text token and a paragraph break
[X]
Subroutine TT66 (category: Drawing the screen)
Clear the screen and set the current view type
[X]
Subroutine TT68 (category: Text)
Print a text token followed by a colon
[X]
Subroutine TT70 (category: Universe)
Display "MAINLY " and jump to TT72
[X]
Subroutine TT81 (category: Universe)
Set the selected system's seeds to those of system 0
[X]
[X]
Subroutine TTX69 (category: Text)
Print a paragraph break
[X]
Subroutine WSCAN (category: Drawing the screen)
Wait for the vertical sync
[X]
Subroutine buy_invnt (category: Buying ships)
Process key presses in the encyclopedia
[X]
Subroutine cpl (category: Universe)
Print the selected system name
[X]
Configuration variable f0
Internal key number for red key f0 (Launch, Front)
[X]
Configuration variable f1
Internal key number for red key f1 (Buy Cargo, Rear)
[X]
Configuration variable f2
Internal key number for red key f2 (Sell Cargo, Left)
[X]
Configuration variable f3
Internal key number for red key f3 (Equip Ship, Right)
[X]
Configuration variable f4
Internal key number for red key f4 (Long-range Chart)
[X]
Configuration variable f5
Internal key number for red key f5 (Short-range Chart)
[X]
Configuration variable f6
Internal key number for red key f6 (Data on System)
[X]
Configuration variable f7
Internal key number for red key f7 (Market Price)
[X]
Configuration variable f8
Internal key number for red key f8 (Status Mode)
[X]
Configuration variable f9
Internal key number for red key f9 (Inventory)
[X]
Variable func_tab (category: Keyboard)
Lookup table for internal numbers of red function keys
[X]
Subroutine pr2 (category: Text)
Print an 8-bit number, left-padded to 3 digits, and optional point
[X]
Subroutine pr5 (category: Text)
Print a 16-bit number, left-padded to 5 digits, and optional point
[X]
Subroutine pr6 (category: Text)
Print 16-bit number, left-padded to 5 digits, no point
[X]
Subroutine spc (category: Text)
Print a text token followed by a space